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1929 Hebron massacre
The Hebron massacre refers to the killing of sixty-seven or sixty-nine Jews (including 46 yeshiva students and teachers) on 24 August 1929 in Hebron, then part of Mandatory Palestine, by Arabs incited to violence by rumors that Jews were planning to seize control of the Temple Mount in Jerusalem.〔Segev, Tom (2000) p. 319〕 The event also left scores seriously wounded or maimed. Jewish homes were pillaged and synagogues were ransacked. Many of the 435 Jews who survived were hidden by local Arab families.〔〔("A rough guide to Hebron: The world's strangest guided tour highlights the abuse of Palestinians" ) ''The Independent'' 26 January 2008〕 Soon after, all Hebron's Jews were evacuated by the British authorities.〔(Troops Seize Arab Chiefs at Gates of Jerusalem ), NY Times, August 30, 1929〕 Many returned in 1931, but almost all were evacuated at the outbreak of the 1936–39 Arab revolt in Palestine. The massacre formed part of the 1929 Palestine riots, in which a total of 133 Jews and 110 Arabs were killed, and brought the centuries-old Jewish presence in Hebron to an end.〔(【引用サイトリンク】 title=Arab discontent )〕〔Great Britain, 1930: Report of the Commission on the disturbances of August 1929, Command paper 3530 (Shaw Commission report), p. 65.〕
The massacre, together with that of Jews in Safed, sent shock waves through Jewish communities in Palestine and around the world. It led to the re-organization and development of the Jewish paramilitary organization, the Haganah, which later became the nucleus of the Israel Defense Forces.〔Itamar Rabinovich, Jehuda Reinharz (eds.), (''Israel in the Middle East: Documents and Readings on Society, Politics, and Foreign Relations, Pre-1948 to the Present,'' ) UPNE 2008 p.85〕 In the metanarrative of Zionism, according to Michelle Campos, the event became 'a central symbol of Jewish persecution at the hands of bloodthirsty Arabs'〔Michelle Campos, 'Remembering Jewish-Arab Contact and Conflict,' in Sandra Marlene Sufian, Mark LeVine, (eds.) ''Reapproaching Borders: New Perspectives on the Study of Israel-Palestine,'' Rowman & Littlefield 2007 p. 41 of pp. 41-65.〕 and was 'engraved in the national psyche of Israeli Jews', particularly those who settled in Hebron after 1967.〔Matthew Levitt ''Negotiating Under Fire: Preserving Peace Talks in the Face of Terror Attacks,'' Rowman & Littlefield, 2008 p. 28〕 Hillel Cohen regards the massacre as marking a point-of-no-return in Arab-Jewish relations, and forcing the Mizrahi Jews to join forces with Zionism.〔Moshe Sakal, ('The real point of no return in the Jewish-Arab conflict,' ) at Haaretz, January 4, 2014, reviewing Hillel Cohen, ''Tarpat: Shnat Ha’efes Ba’sihsuh Hayehudi-Aravi''(1929: Year Zero of the Jewish-Arab Conflict), Keter Publishing & Ivrit,2013:'No factor contributed more to the gathering under a joint political roof of () the veteran Jewish communities and the Zionist Yishuv (pre-state Jewish community in Palestine ) that was then being renewed, than the riots of 1929. The Arab attacks forced the Eastern and Maghrebi Jews who were living in the country, including those who had previously recoiled from doing so, to join the Zionists, take shelter beneath their wings and ask for their protection. Or, to put it more sharply: The Arabs created in 1929 the Jewish Yishuv in Palestine.'〕
==Background==
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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